Browse all documented quacks.

Alex Jones

criticalconspiracy theoriesanti-vaccine

American media personality and founder of InfoWars who built a large audience around claims about government cover-ups, vaccine safety concerns, and public health policies. Sells a line of dietary supplements through his platform. Was found liable in defamation lawsuits related to his Sandy Hook coverage, resulting in a $1.4 billion judgment.

Andreas Kalcker

criticalMMSchlorine dioxide

German-born biophysics researcher based in Switzerland who advocates for chlorine dioxide solution (CDS) as a treatment for a wide range of conditions including cancer, autism, and COVID-19. Holds a PhD from the Open University of Advanced Sciences in Barcelona, an unaccredited institution. Health authorities in multiple countries have issued warnings against ingesting chlorine dioxide.

Andrew Wakefield

criticalanti-vaccineMMR fraud

British former gastroenterologist and surgeon who authored a 1998 Lancet paper proposing a link between the MMR vaccine and autism. The paper was later retracted by the journal, and his medical license was revoked by the UK General Medical Council. Subsequent large-scale epidemiological studies have not found a causal connection between MMR vaccination and autism. He now works as a filmmaker and continues to advocate for his position.

Andrew Weil

mediumintegrative-medicinealternative-medicine

Harvard-trained physician who founded the Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine and became one of the most prominent advocates for combining conventional and alternative medical approaches. Author of multiple bestselling books on health and wellness. His integrative medicine framework, which includes herbal remedies and mind-body practices alongside conventional care, has drawn both support and criticism within the medical community.

Anthony William

highmedical-mediumcelery-juice

American author and wellness personality known as the Medical Medium, who states that he receives health information through a spirit he has communicated with since childhood. Has no medical or nutritional credentials. His bestselling books advocate celery juice and specific dietary protocols for treating chronic illnesses, recommendations that have not been validated by clinical research.

Barbara Loe Fisher

highanti-vaccineNVIC

Co-founder and president of the National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC), one of the longest-running organizations advocating for vaccine choice and informed consent in the United States. Co-authored the 1985 book DPT: A Shot in the Dark, which argued that the whole-cell pertussis vaccine could cause brain damage. Holds no medical credentials but has been a prominent voice in vaccine policy debates for over four decades.

Barbara O'Neill

criticalnaturopathycancer-misinformation

Australian health educator who operated Misty Mountain Lifestyle Retreat and presents herself as a naturopath and nutritionist. Advocates for natural remedies including dietary interventions and herbal treatments for serious conditions. Was permanently banned from providing health services in New South Wales in 2019 by the Health Care Complaints Commission. Has since built a large international online following.

Benny Hinn

highfaith-healertelevangelist

Israeli-born American televangelist known for large-scale events called Miracle Crusades, where attendees report experiencing faith healings. Claims that divine power channeled through his ministry can cure serious illnesses including cancer and blindness. Multiple media investigations have examined these healing claims without finding independent medical verification.

Bob Sears

highanti-vaccinepediatrician

California pediatrician and member of the well-known Sears parenting family who published The Vaccine Book in 2007, proposing an alternative vaccine schedule that delays and spaces out childhood immunizations. The book sold over 180,000 copies and influenced parental vaccine decisions. The American Academy of Pediatrics and CDC maintain that the standard schedule is the only one supported by clinical evidence. Was placed on medical board probation for writing a vaccine exemption letter without adequate examination.

Co-director of the Hippocrates Health Institute in West Palm Beach, Florida, which promotes raw food diets, wheatgrass juice, and nutritional supplements as approaches to treating serious illnesses including cancer. Holds doctoral degrees from the University of Science Arts and Technology in Montserrat, an unaccredited institution. His institute's programs have drawn scrutiny from health authorities and media.

Bruce Lipton

mediumepigeneticsbiology-of-belief

Former cell biologist and university lecturer who authored The Biology of Belief, arguing that human beliefs and consciousness can influence gene expression and health outcomes. Holds a PhD in developmental biology and conducted stem cell research at Stanford. His claims about thought-driven DNA reprogramming extend well beyond the established science of epigenetics, and he has not published peer-reviewed research since the 1990s.

Five-time New York Times bestselling author who developed the concept of 'medical intuition,' which she describes as the ability to perceive illness through a patient's energy field. Holds a PhD in Intuition and Energy Medicine from Greenwich University, a now-defunct unaccredited institution. Her work blends theology, psychology, and energy-based health concepts, and she runs an educational institute called CMED.

Chris Wark

highcancer-survivorinfluencer

Cancer survivor who was treated surgically for stage 3 colon cancer in 2003 and chose not to undergo adjuvant chemotherapy, instead pursuing dietary changes and alternative therapies. Runs the ChrisBeatCancer platform where he shares his personal experience and advocates for nutritional approaches to cancer. Has no medical or nutritional credentials. Oncologists note that surgery alone can be curative for some stage 3 colon cancers.

Christiane Northrup

criticalanti-vaccineOB-GYN

Board-certified OB-GYN and bestselling author on women's health who gained a wide following through television appearances including on The Oprah Winfrey Show. In recent years, she has become an outspoken critic of COVID-19 vaccines and public health mandates. Was named in the Center for Countering Digital Hate's 'Disinformation Dozen' report and her medical board certification has lapsed.

David Avocado Wolfe

highraw-foodsuperfoods

American author and internet personality who promotes raw foodism, superfoods, and longevity practices. Co-founded Sunfood Nutrition and Sacred Chocolate. Has built one of the largest social media health followings through viral content. Also advocates positions including that mushrooms can save the planet, that chocolate is an octave of sunlight, and that gravity is not a force but a form of magnetism, views not supported by mainstream science.

David Geier

criticalpracticing without licenseautism quackery

Researcher with a bachelor's degree in biology who has co-authored studies with his father, physician Mark Geier, on the relationship between vaccine ingredients and developmental disorders. Worked at his father's medical practice where he was involved in patient care and administration of the Lupron protocol for autistic children. Was charged by the Maryland Board of Physicians with practicing medicine without a license in 2011. Appointed to a role at HHS in 2025.

David Perlmutter

highgrain-braingluten-free

Board-certified neurologist and Fellow of the American College of Nutrition who authored the bestseller Grain Brain, arguing that gluten and carbohydrates are significant contributors to neurological conditions including Alzheimer's disease, ADHD, and depression. Advocates for low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets and sells a line of supplements. His dietary claims extend beyond the current neurological and nutritional consensus.

Deepak Chopra

mediumquantum-healingayurveda

Indian-American physician and bestselling author who popularized the concept of 'quantum healing,' which integrates ideas from quantum physics with Ayurvedic medicine and mind-body practices. Trained in internal medicine and endocrinology, he left conventional practice to build a wellness enterprise spanning books, supplements, and meditation programs. Physicists have disputed his use of quantum mechanics terminology, while supporters credit him with bringing holistic health concepts to a mainstream audience.

Del Bigtree

criticalanti-vaccinemedia

Television producer and founder of the Informed Consent Action Network (ICAN) who became a prominent figure in the vaccine choice movement. Produced the documentary Vaxxed and hosts The HighWire, a weekly web show focused on vaccine safety and health freedom issues. Has no medical or scientific training. ICAN has filed lawsuits and FOIA requests challenging vaccine regulatory processes.

Dr. Mehmet Oz

highmedical-quackeryalternative-medicine

Cardiothoracic surgeon and Columbia University professor who became one of America's most recognized television doctors through The Dr. Oz Show. Featured a wide range of health products and dietary supplements on his program, some of which drew scrutiny from a 2014 Senate subcommittee hearing. Later ran for U.S. Senate in Pennsylvania in 2022.

Eric Berg

highchiropractoradrenal-fatigue

Doctor of Chiropractic with over 14 million YouTube subscribers, making him one of the most-watched health content creators in the world. Produces videos on ketogenic diets, intermittent fasting, hormonal health, and nutritional supplements. Promotes the concept of adrenal fatigue, a diagnosis not recognized by the Endocrine Society. His Virginia chiropractic license has been subject to disciplinary action.

Eric Dubay

mediumflat earthconspiracy theory

American author and content creator based in Thailand who is widely credited with reviving interest in flat Earth theory through his 2015 book and video 200 Proofs Earth is Not a Spinning Ball, which has been translated into over 20 languages. Also writes on topics related to historical revisionism and yoga. His flat Earth claims are rejected by the scientific community and contradict established physics, astronomy, and direct observation.

Erin Elizabeth

highanti-vaccineCOVID-19 misinformation

Founder of Health Nut News, a health and wellness website, and partner of physician Joseph Mercola. Named in the Center for Countering Digital Hate's 'Disinformation Dozen' report as one of twelve individuals identified as major sources of vaccine-skeptical content on social media during the COVID-19 pandemic. Her accounts were subsequently removed from several major social media platforms.

Gary Null

highAIDS denialismsupplement seller

American radio host, documentary filmmaker, and supplement entrepreneur who has been a voice in alternative health media for several decades. Advocates for nutritional approaches to treating conditions including cancer and HIV/AIDS, positions that diverge from mainstream medical consensus. Holds a PhD from a non-traditional institution and markets his own line of nutritional supplements.

Gwyneth Paltrow

mediumwellnessgoop

Academy Award-winning actress and founder of Goop, a lifestyle and wellness brand that sells premium health and beauty products. The company has featured products and practices including jade eggs, IV vitamin drips, and detox regimens. Goop paid a $145,000 civil settlement in 2018 over marketing claims related to its jade egg products. The brand generates significant debate about the boundary between wellness culture and evidence-based health.

Ilchi Lee

highDahn-YogaBrain-Education

South Korean-born author and entrepreneur who founded the Dahn Yoga (now Body & Brain) chain of wellness centers and developed a system he calls Brain Education, which he says can improve cognitive function, emotional health, and physical well-being. Has authored numerous bestselling books in South Korea. His organization has faced federal lawsuits and media investigations, including allegations of coercive practices.

Jack Wolfson

highanti-vaccinecardiologist

Board-eligible osteopathic cardiologist practicing in Paradise Valley, Arizona, who brands himself as 'The Natural Heart Doctor' and advocates for paleo diet and chemical-free living as alternatives to conventional cardiac care. Gained national attention during the 2015 Disneyland measles outbreak for publicly arguing that childhood infections like measles are benign and that vaccines carry greater risks than the diseases they prevent, a position at odds with the medical mainstream.

Jay Bhattacharya

mediumGreat Barrington DeclarationCOVID policy contrarianism

Stanford professor of medicine, economics, and health policy who co-authored the Great Barrington Declaration in 2020, which advocated for focused protection of vulnerable populations while allowing lower-risk groups to resume normal life during the COVID-19 pandemic. The declaration was endorsed by some scientists and criticized by others, including the heads of the NIH and WHO, who argued it would lead to unnecessary illness and death. Appointed NIH Director in 2025.

Jenny McCarthy

highanti-vaccineautism

Actress, television personality, and author who became one of the most visible figures in the vaccine safety debate after attributing her son Evan's autism diagnosis to the MMR vaccine. Founded Generation Rescue and authored multiple books about her family's experience with autism and the interventions she pursued, including dietary changes. Large-scale epidemiological studies have not established a causal link between the MMR vaccine and autism.

Jim Bakker

hightelevangelistcolloidal-silver

American televangelist who co-founded the PTL Club and Heritage USA. Was convicted of fraud and conspiracy in 1989, serving nearly five years in federal prison. Later rebuilt his ministry in Missouri, hosting The Jim Bakker Show. In 2020, his program promoted colloidal silver products as potentially beneficial during the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to warnings from the FDA and FTC and a lawsuit from the Missouri Attorney General.

João Teixeira de Faria

criticalpsychic-surgeonfaith-healer

Brazilian spiritual healer known as 'John of God' who operated the Casa de Dom Inacio de Loyola in Abadiania, Brazil, attracting visitors from around the world seeking treatment through what he described as spirit-channeled healing. Had no medical training. Was convicted of multiple sexual assault charges in 2019 and sentenced to decades in prison.

Joe Dispenza

highchiropractormeditation

Doctor of Chiropractic, author, and lecturer who conducts meditation workshops around the world, teaching that sustained mental focus and meditation can produce measurable changes in the brain and body. His bestselling books, including You Are the Placebo, argue that thought and intention can influence physical health, including serious diseases. Holds no degree in neuroscience or medicine. His workshops attract thousands of attendees and generate significant revenue.

Joe Rogan

highCOVID-19 misinformationivermectin promotion

Comedian, UFC commentator, and host of The Joe Rogan Experience, one of the world's most popular podcasts with an estimated 11 million listeners per episode. Features long-form interviews with guests across science, politics, health, and culture. During the COVID-19 pandemic, he discussed ivermectin as a treatment option and hosted guests critical of mainstream pandemic policies, generating significant public debate about the role of large media platforms in health discussions.

Joel Fuhrman

lownutritarianplant-based

Board-certified family physician and author who developed the Nutritarian diet, a nutrient-dense, predominantly plant-based eating approach. Bestselling author of Eat to Live and other diet books, and sells a range of supplements through his website. While plant-based eating has broad scientific support, some of his specific claims about disease reversal and his proprietary ANDI scoring system have been questioned by nutrition researchers.

Joel Wallach

highmineral-deficiencyMLM

Veterinarian and naturopathic physician who argues that the majority of diseases are caused by mineral deficiencies and can be addressed through supplementation. Founder of Youngevity, a multi-level marketing company selling colloidal mineral supplements. His 1994 recording Dead Doctors Don't Lie became widely circulated. His central premise that most diseases stem from mineral deficiency is not supported by mainstream medical research.

John Edward

mediumpsychic-mediumcold-reading

American television personality and author who claims to communicate with the deceased on behalf of audience members. Hosted the popular TV show Crossing Over with John Edward. Skeptical investigators, including James Randi and Dateline NBC, have attributed his apparent readings to cold and hot reading techniques, while supporters maintain his abilities are genuine.

Joseph Mercola

criticalanti-vaccineCOVID misinformation

Osteopathic physician who operates Mercola.com, one of the most-visited alternative health websites in the world, and sells a line of dietary supplements. Advocates for natural health approaches and has been critical of vaccines, fluoridation, and certain pharmaceutical products. The FDA has issued multiple warning letters to his company regarding product marketing claims. Named in the Center for Countering Digital Hate's 'Disinformation Dozen' report.

Josh Axe

mediumdraxeancient-nutrition

Doctor of Chiropractic, certified doctor of natural medicine, and clinical nutritionist who operates DrAxe.com, one of the highest-traffic health websites in the world. Co-founded Ancient Nutrition, a supplements company specializing in bone broth protein and collagen products. Bestselling author of books on leaky gut, essential oils, and the keto diet. His health claims, particularly around leaky gut syndrome and essential oils as treatments, extend beyond established medical consensus.

Judy Mikovits

highanti-vaccineCOVID-19 misinformation

Former research scientist who co-authored a 2009 Science paper proposing a link between the XMRV retrovirus and chronic fatigue syndrome, which was later retracted due to contamination issues. Gained widespread public attention through the 2020 Plandemic video, in which she made claims about the origins of COVID-19, vaccine safety, and the role of public health officials. Her claims in the film were widely disputed by the scientific community.

Kelly Brogan

criticalanti-vaccinepsychiatrist

MIT-educated, Weill Cornell-trained psychiatrist who advocates for a holistic approach to mental health, arguing that depression and anxiety can be addressed through diet, lifestyle changes, and detoxification rather than pharmaceutical intervention. Author of A Mind of Your Own. Has also expressed skepticism about the HIV-AIDS causal link, vaccine safety, and the existence of COVID-19 as a distinct illness, positions that conflict with the medical mainstream. Named in the 'Disinformation Dozen' report.

Ken Ham

highyoung earth creationismbiblical literalism

Australian-born Christian apologist and founder of Answers in Genesis, the organization behind the Creation Museum and the Ark Encounter theme park in Kentucky. Advocates for young Earth creationism, arguing that the Earth and universe were created approximately 6,000 years ago based on a literal reading of Genesis. These attractions draw millions of visitors annually. His views on the age of the Earth and biological evolution are not accepted by the mainstream scientific community.

Kent Hovind

mediumyoung earth creationismtax fraud

Young Earth creationist evangelist known as 'Dr. Dino' who argues that dinosaurs and humans coexisted and that the Earth is fewer than 10,000 years old. Holds a doctorate from Patriot Bible University, an unaccredited correspondence institution. Founded the now-defunct Dinosaur Adventure Land theme park in Florida. Served approximately nine years in federal prison on tax-related offenses. His claims about the age of the Earth and coexistence of humans and dinosaurs contradict established geology and paleontology.

Kerri Rivera

criticalMMSchlorine dioxide

Homeopathy practitioner and author of Healing the Symptoms Known as Autism, who developed a protocol involving chlorine dioxide solution administered orally and as enemas for children with autism, claiming it can address the condition by targeting parasites. States that over 600 children have recovered through her protocol. Health authorities classify chlorine dioxide as an industrial chemical unsafe for ingestion, and her protocol has been the subject of warnings from the FDA and investigations in multiple countries.

Kevin Trudeau

highinfomercial fraudFTC violations

American author and infomercial personality who sold millions of copies of Natural Cures 'They' Don't Want You to Know About, arguing that effective natural treatments for cancer, obesity, and other conditions are being suppressed by the pharmaceutical industry and government agencies. Has no medical credentials. Was fined $37.6 million by the FTC for consumer fraud and sentenced to 10 years in federal prison for criminal contempt related to his marketing claims.

Lawrence Palevsky

highanti-vaccinepediatrician

Board-certified pediatrician based in the New York City area who practices integrative and holistic pediatric medicine. Serves on the advisory board of the National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC) and has appeared in documentaries questioning vaccine safety. Has expressed concerns about vaccine ingredients, the CDC immunization schedule, and during the COVID-19 pandemic, about spike protein transmission from vaccinated individuals, positions that are not supported by the mainstream medical establishment.

Leigh Erin Connealy

mediumintegrative-oncologyalternative-cancer-treatment

Medical doctor who operates the Cancer Center for Healing in Irvine, California, offering integrative oncology treatments including intravenous vitamin C, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and nutritional protocols alongside conventional cancer care. Author of The Cancer Revolution. Was publicly reprimanded by the Medical Board of California in 2017. Some of the treatments offered at her clinic lack robust evidence from randomized controlled trials.

Leonard Coldwell

highfake-credentialscancer-cure-fraud

German-born motivational speaker and author, born Bernd Klein, who claims to have helped over 35,000 cancer patients achieve a 92.3% cure rate through his methods. Presents himself with multiple doctoral titles, the legitimacy of which has been questioned by investigators. Advocates for natural approaches to cancer treatment and argues that stress is the root cause of most cancers. No independent verification of his claimed patient outcomes has been published.

Mark Hyman

mediumfunctional-medicinedetox

Physician and bestselling author who is one of the most prominent advocates of functional medicine, an approach that seeks to identify and address root causes of disease through nutrition, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Former head of the Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine. Argues that heavy metal exposure, gut dysfunction, and nutritional imbalances contribute to conditions including obesity, ADHD, and Alzheimer's. Sells supplements and detox programs. The functional medicine framework has been critiqued by some medical organizations as lacking sufficient evidence.

Mark R. Geier

criticalautism quackeryLupron protocol

Physician and geneticist who, along with his son David Geier, developed a protocol using Lupron (a hormone-suppressing drug) to treat autism, based on a theory that testosterone binds with mercury from vaccines to cause neurological damage. His medical license was revoked in multiple states after medical boards found his autism treatment protocol lacked scientific basis. Co-authored studies linking thimerosal in vaccines to developmental disorders, which were criticized for methodological issues by peer reviewers.

Mark Sargent

lowflat earthconspiracy theory

American software analyst and former competitive video game player who became a prominent figure in the modern flat Earth movement after releasing his Flat Earth Clues YouTube series in 2015, which attracted millions of views. Featured in the Netflix documentary Behind the Curve. Argues that the Earth is enclosed under a dome and that space agencies are concealing its true shape, claims that contradict established physics and astronomy.

Matthias Rath

criticalAIDS denialismvitamin cure

German-born physician and vitamin researcher who argues that cardiovascular disease, cancer, and other illnesses can be prevented and treated through high-dose vitamin and micronutrient supplementation. Founded the Dr. Rath Health Foundation and markets a line of vitamin products internationally. Conducted vitamin programs in South African communities affected by HIV, advocating his supplements over antiretroviral drugs, a position that was opposed by the South African medical establishment and international health organizations.

Mehmet Oz

highalternative medicinesupplement promotion

Harvard- and University of Pennsylvania-educated cardiothoracic surgeon who became a household name through The Dr. Oz Show, where he discussed a wide range of health topics, dietary supplements, and wellness products. A 2014 Senate subcommittee examined the show's promotion of weight-loss products. Also a professor of surgery at Columbia University. Ran for U.S. Senate in Pennsylvania in 2022.

Mike Adams

criticalanti-vaccineconspiracy theories

Founder and editor of Natural News, one of the most-visited alternative health websites on the internet. Writes extensively on topics including vaccine safety concerns, GMO risks, and natural health remedies, and sells a range of supplements and preparedness products. Has no verified scientific or medical credentials. Natural News has been removed from several major platforms and its content has been flagged by fact-checking organizations.

Microbiologist and founder of USANA Health Sciences, a multi-level marketing company selling nutritional supplements. Holds a PhD in microbiology and immunology and previously founded Gull Laboratories, a diagnostic testing company. USANA has faced allegations in a fraud report filed with federal agencies questioning its business model and health claims. The company maintains that its products are science-based and its business model is legitimate.

Naomi Wolf

highCOVID-19 misinformationanti-vaccine

Bestselling author and political commentator known for her 1991 book The Beauty Myth. In recent years, she has become a vocal critic of COVID-19 vaccines and public health mandates, arguing that the vaccines pose serious undisclosed risks including effects on fertility. Founded the Daily Clout platform to publish analyses of Pfizer trial documents. Was permanently suspended from Twitter for her vaccine-related posts and her 2019 book Outrages was found to contain significant factual errors.

Patrick Moore

highclimate denialfossil fuel funding

Canadian ecologist with a PhD in ecology who was an early member of Greenpeace and describes himself as a co-founder of the organization, though Greenpeace disputes this characterization. Left the organization in the 1980s and has since worked as a consultant for industries including nuclear energy, forestry, and mining. Argues that climate change is primarily driven by natural cycles rather than human activity and that increased CO2 levels benefit plant growth, positions that contradict the prevailing scientific consensus on anthropogenic climate change.

Paul Thomas

criticalanti-vaccinepediatrician

Oregon pediatrician who built a large practice and co-authored The Vaccine-Friendly Plan, which proposed a modified vaccination schedule. Published a study comparing health outcomes of vaccinated and unvaccinated patients in his practice, which was later retracted by the journal. His medical license was suspended by the Oregon Medical Board and subsequently surrendered. Advocates for parental choice in vaccination decisions.

Pete Evans

highpaleoanti-vaccine

Australian celebrity chef and former My Kitchen Rules judge who became a prominent advocate for paleo diets, alternative health practices, and vaccine skepticism. Promoted a device called the BioCharger during the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to an approximately A$80,000 fine from the Therapeutic Goods Administration. Was dropped by multiple publishers and business partners over his health claims and was banned from Facebook.

Peter Breggin

highanti-psychiatrypsychiatric drugs

Harvard-trained psychiatrist and author who has been a leading critic of pharmaceutical approaches to mental health for decades, arguing that psychiatric medications cause brain damage and that psychosocial therapy should be the primary treatment for mental illness. Played a role in the campaign against lobotomy in the 1970s. More recently, he has expressed views on COVID-19 that include characterizing the pandemic response as a form of totalitarian control, positions that have drawn significant criticism from mainstream psychiatry.

Peter McCullough

highCOVID misinformationanti-vaccine

Cardiologist and epidemiologist with an extensive publication record who became one of the most prominent physician voices questioning the COVID-19 vaccine program, arguing that the vaccines carry significant cardiovascular risks and that early outpatient treatment protocols using hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin were suppressed. His board certifications in internal medicine and cardiology were revoked by the American Board of Internal Medicine. Continues to publish and speak on vaccine safety concerns.

Peter Popoff

highfaith-healertelevangelist

German-born American televangelist and faith healer who conducts healing crusades and markets 'Miracle Spring Water' through late-night infomercials. In 1986, skeptic James Randi demonstrated on The Tonight Show that Popoff was receiving audience members' personal information through a radio earpiece from his wife backstage. Declared bankruptcy in 1987 but later rebuilt his ministry into a multi-million dollar operation.

Pierre Kory

highivermectin misinformationCOVID-19 misinformation

Pulmonary and critical care physician who co-founded the Front Line COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance (FLCCC), which advocated for ivermectin and other repurposed drugs as early treatments for COVID-19. His board certifications in internal medicine and pulmonary disease were revoked by the American Board of Internal Medicine. Multiple large randomized controlled trials subsequently found ivermectin ineffective against COVID-19, though Kory and the FLCCC maintain their position.

Canadian engineer who says he cured his own skin cancer in 2003 using a high-THC cannabis oil extract he developed, now widely known as Rick Simpson Oil (RSO). Produced the documentary Run from the Cure to promote his story. Advocates for cannabis oil as a treatment for cancer and other serious conditions, and has advised patients to consider it as an alternative to conventional therapy. While cannabinoids are an active area of oncology research, no clinical trials have established RSO as an effective cancer treatment.

Robert F. Kennedy Jr.

criticalanti-vaccinechildren's health defense

Environmental lawyer and member of the Kennedy political dynasty who founded Children's Health Defense, an organization focused on vaccine safety advocacy. Argues that vaccine safety testing is inadequate and that thimerosal in vaccines is linked to neurological disorders, positions that contradict the scientific consensus established by large-scale epidemiological studies. Appointed U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services in 2025.

Robert Malone

highCOVID misinformationanti-vaccine

Physician and researcher who conducted early-stage work on mRNA transfection technology in the late 1980s and describes himself as a contributor to the invention of mRNA vaccines. Became a prominent critic of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine program, arguing that the vaccines carry risks that are being underreported and that public discourse around them has been suppressed. Introduced the concept of 'mass formation psychosis' to explain public compliance with pandemic measures. His characterization of his role in mRNA technology and his claims about the vaccines have been disputed by other scientists.

Robert O. Young

criticalpseudosciencecancer quackery

Author of the bestselling pH Miracle series who argues that disease is primarily caused by excess acidity in the body and can be addressed through an alkaline diet. Presents himself as a microbiologist; his doctoral credentials are from an unaccredited institution. Was convicted of practicing medicine without a license in California, and a jury awarded a cancer patient $105 million in damages after she alleged he advised her to forgo conventional treatment.

Russell Blaylock

highretired neurosurgeonMSG fear-mongering

Retired neurosurgeon and author of Excitotoxins: The Taste That Kills, who argues that food additives such as MSG and aspartame cause neurological damage. Also expresses concerns about vaccine ingredients, fluoride in water supplies, and government health policies. Publishes a monthly health newsletter through Newsmax and sells branded supplements. His positions on excitotoxins and vaccine neurotoxicity go beyond the conclusions of major regulatory and scientific bodies.

Sayer Ji

highanti-vaccineCOVID-19 misinformation

Founder of GreenMedInfo, a website that aggregates and indexes biomedical research with a focus on natural health and alternative medicine. Named in the Center for Countering Digital Hate's 'Disinformation Dozen' report as a significant source of vaccine-skeptical content on social media. Advocates for natural approaches to health and has been critical of conventional vaccination. His accounts were removed from several major social media platforms during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sherri Tenpenny

criticalanti-vaccineosteopath

Ohio-based osteopathic physician who has been a prominent voice in the vaccine safety debate for over two decades, authoring books and courses on vaccine risks. Named in the Center for Countering Digital Hate's 'Disinformation Dozen' report. Testified before the Ohio legislature in 2021 about her concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccines, including a claim that the vaccines could cause magnetism in recipients. Her medical license was suspended by the State Medical Board of Ohio.

Stanislaw Burzynski

criticalcancer quackeryantineoplastons

Polish-American physician who developed a cancer treatment called antineoplastons, which he has administered at his clinic in Houston, Texas, for over four decades. Holds an MD and PhD from the Medical Academy in Lublin, Poland. Has conducted numerous clinical trials of antineoplastons under FDA oversight, though none have progressed to FDA approval. The treatment remains a subject of debate: supporters cite individual patient outcomes, while the oncology mainstream notes the absence of completed phase III trials demonstrating efficacy.

Stephanie Seneff

highglyphosateautism

Senior research scientist at MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, with a primary background in speech recognition and human-computer interaction. Since 2011, has published extensively on the herbicide glyphosate, arguing that it is a major contributor to autism, Alzheimer's disease, and other chronic conditions. Her papers on glyphosate have appeared primarily in open-access journals outside her field of training, and her conclusions on glyphosate toxicity are not supported by regulatory agencies including the EPA.

Steven Gundry

mediumlectinsplant-paradox

Former cardiothoracic surgeon and head of the International Heart and Lung Institute who transitioned to restorative medicine and authored the bestseller The Plant Paradox. Argues that plant lectins are a primary driver of modern chronic diseases including autoimmune conditions, obesity, and heart disease. Sells a line of supplements designed to counteract lectin effects. Nutrition researchers have noted that his lectin-avoidance thesis is not supported by the broader body of dietary research.

Tucker Carlson

highCOVID-19 misinformationvaccine misinformation

American political commentator and media personality who hosted Tucker Carlson Tonight on Fox News, one of the highest-rated cable news programs with over 4 million nightly viewers. During the COVID-19 pandemic, he raised questions about vaccine safety, cited VAERS data to argue that vaccine side effects were underreported, and featured guests critical of public health mandates. Since leaving Fox News, he has continued producing content on his own platform.

Vandana Shiva

highanti-GMOpseudoscience

Indian philosopher, environmental activist, and author with a PhD in philosophy of physics who became a globally prominent voice opposing genetically modified crops, industrial agriculture, and seed patents. Founder of Navdanya, an organization promoting seed sovereignty and organic farming. Argues that Bt cotton has led to an epidemic of Indian farmer suicides and that GMOs threaten biodiversity. Agricultural researchers and economists have disputed her farmer suicide statistics and her characterization of GMO crop impacts.

William Davis

mediumwheat-bellygluten-free

Cardiologist and author of the bestselling Wheat Belly, which argues that modern wheat has been genetically altered in ways that make it a significant driver of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and other chronic conditions. Advocates for complete elimination of wheat and most grains from the diet. His thesis about modern wheat's unique toxicity has been challenged by cereal scientists and nutritional researchers who argue it is not supported by the published evidence.

Zach Bush

highglyphosateGMO

Triple board-certified physician (internal medicine, endocrinology, hospice care) who argues that glyphosate exposure is a primary driver of chronic disease including autism, cancer, and autoimmune conditions. Advocates for terrain theory over germ theory, emphasizing the role of the microbiome and environmental toxins in health. Founder of ION Biome, which sells a gut health supplement. His claims about glyphosate's role in chronic disease go beyond what has been established in peer-reviewed toxicology research.